Bystanders’ responses to offline bullying and cyberbullying: The role of empathy and normative beliefs about aggression

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Publikace nespadá pod Fakultu sportovních studií, ale pod Fakultu sociálních studií. Oficiální stránka publikace je na webu muni.cz.
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MACHÁČKOVÁ Hana PFETSCH Jan

Rok publikování 2016
Druh Článek v odborném periodiku
Časopis / Zdroj Scandinavian Journal of Psychology
Fakulta / Pracoviště MU

Fakulta sociálních studií

Citace
www http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/sjop.12277/abstract
Doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12277
Obor Psychologie
Klíčová slova Offline bullying;cyberbullying;bystanders;empathy;normative beliefs about aggression
Přiložené soubory
Popis Cyberbullying often takes place with the virtual presence or knowledge of bystanders. While we have some evidence about the determinants of bystanders’ responses to offline bullying, we lack empirical studies concerning the variables that influence bystanders’ responses to cyberbullying. The current study examines bystanders’ responses to offline bullying and cyberbullying incidents. Two types of responses were captured: support toward the victims and the reinforcement of bullies’ actions. Using data from 321 German adolescents (ages 12–18; M = 14.99; 44% girls), the association between bystanders’ responses and normative beliefs about verbal aggression and cyberaggression, and affective and cognitive empathy, were tested in a path model. Both types of normative beliefs positively predicted the reinforcement of bullies, and normative belief about verbal aggression also predicted support for the victims of offline bullying. Both types of empathy predicted support in offline bullying, but only affective empathy predicted support in cyberbullying. There was no link between affective or cognitive empathy to the reinforcement of bullies. Moreover, bystanders’ tendencies to respond supportively to the victim or to reinforce the bully were rather consistent in both cyber- and offline bullying, but there was no link between support and reinforcement. The findings are discussed with regard to implications for prevention and intervention efforts.
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