Zapojení mikroRNA do patogeneze nádorových onemocnění a možnosti jejich využití v diagnostické a prediktivní onkologii

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Title in English Involvement of MicroRNAs in Cancer Biology and Possibilities of Their Application to Diagnostic and Predictive Oncology
Authors

SLABÝ Ondřej KREKÁČ Daniel SVOBODA Marek VYZULA Rostislav

Year of publication 2008
Type Article in Periodical
Magazine / Source Časopis lékařů českých
MU Faculty or unit

Faculty of Medicine

Citation
Field Oncology and hematology
Keywords cancer; apoptosis; microRNA; gene expression profiles; prediction; prognosis
Description MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are large class of non-coding RNA that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Their ability of translational repression applied for example on oncogenes or tumor-supressor genes indicates involvement of miRNAs in multi-step carcinogenesis. Evidences of miRNAs linkage to biological processes like apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation and cell survival are rapidly accumulating. Approximately 50% of miRNAs are located at fragile sites of chromosomes or regions known to be amplified or deleted in human cancer. That is why, non-coding miRNAs seem to be another level of genetic information which regulation is altered or lost during neoplastic growth. Expression profiles of miRNAs are successfully used for molecular classification, more exact diagnosis and prognosis of human cancers and reached analogical analytical characteristics like studies based on DNA microarrays technology and profiling of coding transcripts. In this review we attempt to introduce basic knowledge of miRNAs biogenesis and biological functions and in particular summarise reports focused on miRNAs in oncology research area.

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