Analysis of tissues of vertebrates and earthworms treated by Bromadiolone
| Authors | |
|---|---|
| Year of publication | 2006 |
| Type | Article in Proceedings |
| Conference | 34th International Symposium on Environmental Analytical Chemistry, ISEAC 34 |
| MU Faculty or unit | |
| Citation | |
| Field | Electrochemistry |
| Keywords | Electrochemistry; Bromadiolone; Lanirat; HPLC-ED; glassy carbon electrode; cyclic voltammetry; |
| Description | Bromadiolone (3-(3-(4'-brom-1,1'-bifenyl-4-yl)-3-hydroxy-1-fenylpropyl)-4-hydroxy-coumarine) is commonly used rodenticide, which is commercially available as Lanirat. It acts as anticoagulant in very low concentration and its effect is cumulative. Its residues in nature can be cause of death of both house and wild animals and not only in direct, but in consequent consuming. The main organ damaged during deposition and metabolizing of these substance is liver. In our work we developed a new way of bromadiolone detection based on use of high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ED). Our method is quick, sensitive and allows us to determine a trace amount of bromadiolone in biological matrix. Moreover we are able to monitor the incidence of using of bromadiolone on non target fauna. Our analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography was carried out on CoulochemIII analyser (ESA, Inc.). Hydrogenpaladium electrode, auxiliary carbon electrode and working glassy carbon electrode were placed in electrochemical cell of volume of 50 ľl referent. We used acetate buffer (pH = 4.0):acetonitrile in ratio of 40/60 (v/v) as the most suitable mobile phase for determination of the compound of interest. Sample (5 ľl) was injected. Prior to analysis in flow system we have studied the basic electrochemical behaviour of bromadiolone by cyclic voltammetry on Autolab analyser (EcoChemie, Netherlands) connected with VA-Stand 663 (Metrohm, Schwitzerland). On the base of experimental results from cyclic voltammetry we designed optimal conditions for flow analysis of bromadiolone. From relation of signal height on applied potential we construed a hydrodynamical voltammogram. On its base we choose an optimal potential applied on electrodes (836 mV). Flow rate of mobile phase and the content of methanol influenced the electrochemical response significantly. We found out that our method is sensitive and allows us to determine tens of nanograms of bromadiolone per ml. We utilized this optimized method to determine the amount of bromadiolone in real samples of tissues of animal which eaten bromadiolone in different forms. Earthworms (Eisenia fetida), were kept in presence of five granules of rodenticide Lanirat G in five litres of artificial soil (88 ěg/l). These earthworms were used as a feed for field mice (Microtus arvalis). Other group of field mice was fed by defined amount of bromadiolone. Earthworms kept without rodenticide and field mice fed with non-treated earthworms or fed by usual feed for rodents served as a control. We analysed the content of bromadiolone in earthworms and in liver of these field mice. Then we applied this method to determine the bromadiolone content in liver and stomach content of three hares (Lepus europaeus), which were found death in area where bromadiolone was applied. We found out that one them died by bromadiolone. |
| Related projects: |