Chemometric exploration of an amperometric biosensor array for fast determination of wastewater quality

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Authors

TONNING Erik SAPELNIKOVA Svetlana CHRISTENSEN Jacob CARLSSON Charlotte WINTHER-NIELSEN Margrethe DOCK Eva SOLNÁ Renáta SKLÁDAL Petr NORGAARD Lars RUZGAS Tautgirdas EMNÉUS Jenny

Year of publication 2005
Type Article in Periodical
Magazine / Source Biosensors & Bioelectronics
MU Faculty or unit

Faculty of Science

Citation
Field Biochemistry
Keywords Biosensor array; Principal component analysis; Phenols; Cholinesterase; Tyrosinase; Peroxidase
Description Four wastewater samples of different treatment qualities; untreated, alarm, alert and normal, from a Swedish chemi-thermo-mechanical pulp mill and pure water were investigated using an amperometric electronic tongue in a batch cell. The aim was to explore enzymatically modified screen-printed amperometric sensors for the discrimination of wastewater quality and to counteract the inherent drift. Seven out of eight platinum electrodes on the array were modified with four different enzymes; tyrosinase, horseradish peroxidase, acetyl cholinesterase and butyryl cholinesterase. At a constant potential the current intensity on each sensor was measured for 200 s, 100 s before injection and 100 s after injection of the sample. The dynamic niosensor response curves from the eight sensors were used for principal component analysis (PCA). A simple baseline and sensitivity correction equivalent to multiplicative drift correction (MDC), using steady state intensities of reference sample (catechol) recordings, was employed. A clear pattern emerged in perfect agreement with prior knowledge of the samples explaining 97% of the variation in the data by two principal components (PCs). The first PC described the treatment quality of the samples and the second PC described the difference between treated and untreated samples. Horseradish peroxidase and pure platinum sensors were found to be the determinant sensors, while the rest did not contribute much to the discrimination. The wastewater samples were characterized by the chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total organic carbon (TOC), inhibition of nitrification, inhibition of respiration and toxicity towards Vibrio fischeri using Microtox, the freshwater alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapita and the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna.
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