The global distribution of angiosperm genome size is shaped by climate

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Authors

BUREŠ Petr ELLIOTT Tammy L VESELÝ Pavel ŠMARDA Petr FOREST Felix LEITCH Ilia J. LUGHADHA Eimear Nic GOMEZ Marybel Soto PIRONON Samuel BROWN Matilda J. M. ŠMERDA Jakub ZEDEK František

Year of publication 2024
Type Article in Periodical
Magazine / Source New Phytologist
MU Faculty or unit

Faculty of Science

Citation
Web https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.19544
Doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.19544
Keywords chromosome size; flowering plants; geographic range size; latitudinal gradient; nuclear DNA content; polyploidy; temperature; UV-B radiation
Description center dot Angiosperms, which inhabit diverse environments across all continents, exhibit significant variation in genome sizes, making them an excellent model system for examining hypotheses about the global distribution of genome size. These include the previously proposed large genome constraint, mutational hazard, polyploidy-mediated, and climate-mediated hypotheses.center dot We compiled the largest genome size dataset to date, encompassing 16 017 (> 5% of known) angiosperm species, and analyzed genome size distribution using a comprehensive geographic distribution dataset for all angiosperms.center dot We observed that angiosperms with large range sizes generally had small genomes, supporting the large genome constraint hypothesis. Climate was shown to exert a strong influence on genome size distribution along the global latitudinal gradient, while the frequency of polyploidy and the type of growth form had negligible effects. In contrast to the unimodal patterns along the global latitudinal gradient shown by plant size traits and polyploid proportions, the increase in angiosperm genome size from the equator to 40-50 degrees N/S is probably mediated by different (mostly climatic) mechanisms than the decrease in genome sizes observed from 40 to 50 degrees N northward.center dot Our analysis suggests that the global distribution of genome sizes in angiosperms is mainly shaped by climatically mediated purifying selection, genetic drift, relaxed selection, and environmental filtering.
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