Blood-Brain Barrier Alterations and Edema Formation in Different Brain Mass Lesions

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Authors

SOLÁR Peter HENDRYCH Michal BARÁK Martin VALEKOVÁ Hana HERMANOVÁ Markéta JANČÁLEK Radim

Year of publication 2022
Type Article in Periodical
Magazine / Source Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
MU Faculty or unit

Faculty of Medicine

Citation
Web https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2022.922181/full
Doi http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2022.922181
Keywords blood-brain barrier; glioblastoma multiforme; brain edema; brain metastasis; brain lymphoma; brain abscess
Description Differential diagnosis of brain lesion pathologies is complex, but it is nevertheless crucial for appropriate clinical management. Advanced imaging methods, including diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient, can help discriminate between brain mass lesions such as glioblastoma, brain metastasis, brain abscesses as well as brain lymphomas. These pathologies are characterized by blood-brain barrier alterations and have been extensively studied. However, the changes in the blood-brain barrier that are observed around brain pathologies and that contribute to the development of vasogenic brain edema are not well described. Some infiltrative brain pathologies such as glioblastoma are characterized by glioma cell infiltration in the brain tissue around the tumor mass and thus affect the nature of the vasogenic edema. Interestingly, a common feature of primary and secondary brain tumors or tumor-like brain lesions characterized by vasogenic brain edema is the formation of various molecules that lead to alterations of tight junctions and result in blood-brain barrier damage. The resulting vasogenic edema, especially blood-brain barrier disruption, can be visualized using advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques, such as diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient. This review presents a comprehensive overview of blood-brain barrier changes contributing to the development of vasogenic brain edema around glioblastoma, brain metastases, lymphomas, and abscesses.
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