'Releasing the Hounds?' Disruption of the Ransomware Ecosystem Through Offensive Cyber Operations

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Authors

BÁTRLA Michael HARAŠTA Jakub

Year of publication 2022
Type Article in Proceedings
Conference 2022 14th International Conference on Cyber Conflict: Keep Moving
MU Faculty or unit

Faculty of Law

Citation
Web Open access sborníku
Doi http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/CyCon55549.2022.9811074
Keywords ransomware-as-a-service; cybercrime; offensive cyber operations; cyber incident; cryptocurrency
Attached files
Description Ransomware groups represent a significant cyber threat to Western states. Most high-end ransomware actors reside in territorial safe-haven jurisdictions and prove to be resistant to traditional law enforcement activities. This has prompted public sector and cybersecurity industry leaders to perceive ransomware as a national security threat requiring a whole-of-government approach, including cyber operations. In this paper, we investigate whether cyber operations or the threat of cyber operations influence the ransomware ecosystem. Subsequently, we assess the vectors of influence and characteristics of past operations that have disrupted the ecosystem. We describe the specifics of the ransomware-as-a-service system and provide three case studies (DarkSide/BlackMatter, REvil, Conti) highly representative of the current ecosystem and the effect cyber operations have on it. Additionally, we present initial observations about the influence of cyber operations on the system, including best practices from cyber operations against non-state groups. We conclude that even professional, highly skilled, and top-performing ransomware groups can be disrupted through cyber operations. In fact, cyber operations can even bypass some limits imposed on law enforcement operations. Even when ransomware groups rebrand or resurface after a hiatus, we suggest their infrastructure (both technical, human, and reputational) will still suffer mid- to long-term disruption. Although cyber operations are unlikely to be a silver bullet, they are an essential tool in the whole-of-government and multinational efforts and may even grow in importance in the next several years.
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