Phylogenetic structure of alien plant species pools from European donor habitats

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Authors

KALUSOVÁ Veronika PADULLES CUBINO Josep FRISTOE Trevor S. CHYTRÝ Milan VAN KLEUNEN Mark DAWSON Wayne ESSL Franz KREFT Holger MUCINA Ladislav PERGL Jan PYŠEK Petr WEIGELT Patrick WINTER Marten LOSOSOVÁ Zdeňka

Year of publication 2021
Type Article in Periodical
Magazine / Source Global ecology and biogeography
MU Faculty or unit

Faculty of Science

Citation
Web https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13387
Doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geb.13387
Keywords donor habitat; Europe; native range; phylogenetic structure; plant invasion; source-area approach; species pool; vegetation types
Description Aim Many plant species native to Europe have naturalized worldwide. We tested whether the phylogenetic structure of the species pools of European habitats is related to the proportion of species from each habitat that has naturalized outside Europe (habitat's donor role) and whether the donated species are more phylogenetically related to each other than expected by chance. Location Europe (native range), the rest of the world (invaded range). Time period Last c. 100 years. Major taxa studied Angiospermae. Methods We selected 33 habitats in Europe and analysed their species pools, including 9,636 plant species, of which 2,293 have naturalized outside Europe. We assessed the phylogenetic structure of each habitat as the difference between the observed and expected mean pairwise phylogenetic distance (MPD) for (a) the whole species pool and (b) subgroups of species that have naturalized outside Europe and those that have not. We used generalized linear models to test for the effects of the phylogenetic structure and the level of human influence on the habitat's donor role. Results Habitats strongly to moderately influenced by humans often showed phylogenetically clustered species pools. Within the clustered species pools, those species that have naturalized outside Europe showed a random phylogenetic structure. Species pools of less human-influenced natural habitats varied from phylogenetically clustered to overdispersed, with donated naturalized species also often showing random patterns within the species pools. Donor roles in both habitat groups increased with increasing MPD within habitats. Main conclusions European human-influenced habitats donate closely related species that often naturalize in disturbed habitats outside their native range. Natural habitats donate species from different lineages with various ecological strategies that allow them to succeed in different habitats in the invaded range. However, the naturalized species donated by most European habitats are phylogenetically random subsets of their species pools.
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