Molecular evolution and diversification of the SMXL gene family

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Authors

MOTURU Tarakaramji THULA Sravankumar SINGH R.K. NODZYNSKI Tomasz SVOBODOVÁ VAŘEKOVÁ Radka FRIML J. SIMON Sibu

Year of publication 2018
Type Article in Periodical
Magazine / Source Journal of Experimental Botany
MU Faculty or unit

Central European Institute of Technology

Citation
Web http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ery097
Doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ery097
Keywords D14; DLK2; evolution; KAI2; karrikin; MAX2; SMAX1-like; strigolactone
Attached files
Description Strigolactones (SLs) are a relatively recent addition to the list of plant hormones that control different aspects of plant development. SL signalling is perceived by an alpha/beta hydrolase, DWARF 14 (D14). A close homolog of D14, KARRIKIN INSENSTIVE2 (KAI2), is involved in perception of an uncharacterized molecule called karrikin (KAR). Recent studies in Arabidopsis identified the SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1 (SMAX1) and SMAX1-LIKE 7 (SMXL7) to be potential SCF-MAX2 complex-mediated proteasome targets of KAI2 and D14, respectively. Genetic studies on SMXL7 and SMAX1 demonstrated distinct developmental roles for each, but very little is known about these repressors in terms of their sequence features. In this study, we performed an extensive comparative analysis of SMXLs and determined their phylogenetic and evolutionary history in the plant lineage. Our results show that SMXL family members can be subdivided into four distinct phylogenetic clades/classes, with an ancient SMAX1. Further, we identified the Glade-specific motifs that have evolved and that might act as determinants of SL-KAR signalling specificity. These specificities resulted from functional diversities among the clades. Our results suggest that a gradual co-evolution of SMXL members with their upstream receptors D14/KAI2 provided an increased specificity to both the SL perception and response in land plants.
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