Alternative Flame Retardant, 2,4,6-Tris(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine, in an E-waste Recycling Facility and House Dust in North America

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Authors

GUO Jiehong STABBINGS William A. ROMANAK Kevin NGUYEN Linh V. JANTUNEN Liisa M. MELYMUK Lisa Emily ARRANDALE Victoria DIAMOND Miriam Leah VENIER Marta

Year of publication 2018
Type Article in Periodical
Magazine / Source ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
MU Faculty or unit

Faculty of Science

Citation
Web https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.7b06139
Doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b06139
Keywords PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES; GREAT-LAKES ATMOSPHERE; TRIS(2-3-DIBROMOPROPYL) ISOCYANURATE; ORGANOPHOSPHATE ESTERS; INDOOR ENVIRONMENT; IDENTIFICATION; TRENDS; HEXABROMOCYCLODODECANES; REPLACEMENTS; SEDIMENT
Description A high molecular weight compound, 2,4,6-tris(2,4,6-tribromo phenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine (TTBP-TAZ), was detected during the analysis of brominated flame retardants in dust samples collected from an electrical and electronic waste (e-waste) recycling facility in Ontario, Canada. Gas chromatography coupled with both high-resolution and low-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) was used to determine TTBP-TAZ's chemical structure and concentrations. To date, TTBP-TAZ has only been detected in plastic casings of electrical and electronic equipment and house dust from The Netherlands. Here we report on the concentrations of TTBP-TAZ in selected samples from North America: e-waste dust (n = 7) and air (n = 4), residential dust (n = 30), and selected outdoor air (n = 146), precipitation (n = 19), sediment (n = 11) and water (n = 2) samples from the Great Lakes environment. TTBP-TAZ was detected in all the e-waste dust and air samples, and in 70% of residential dust samples. The median concentrations of TTBP-TAZ in these three types of samples were 5540 ng/g, 5.75 ng/m(3) and 6.76 ng/g, respectively. The flame retardants 2,4,6-tribromophenol, tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate, and 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A bis(2,3-dibromopropyl) ether, BDE-47 and BDE-209 were also measured for comparison. None of these other flame retardants concentrations was significantly correlated with those of TTBP-TAZ in any of the sample types suggesting different sources. TTBP-TAZ was not detected in any of the outdoor environmental samples, which may relate to its application history and physicochemical properties. This is the first report of TTBP-TAZ in North America.
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