Air-Seawater Exchange of Organochlorine Pesticides along the Sediment Plume of a Large Contaminated River

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Authors

LIN Tian GUO Zhigang LI Yuanyuan NIZZETTO Luca MA Chuanliang CHEN Yingjun

Year of publication 2015
Type Article in Periodical
Magazine / Source Environmental Science and Technology
MU Faculty or unit

Faculty of Science

Citation
Web http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es505084j
Doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es505084j
Field Water pollution and control
Keywords EAST CHINA SEA; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; CHAIN CHLORINATED PARAFFINS; ADJACENT ARCTIC REGION; CHEMICAL PROPERTY DATA; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; WATER GAS-EXCHANGE; ATLANTIC-OCEAN
Description Gaseous exchange fluxes of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) across the air-water interface of the coastal East China Sea were determined in order to assess whether the contaminated plume of the Yangtze River could be an important regional source of OCPs to the atmosphere. Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), chlordane compounds (CHLs), and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) were the most frequently detected OCPs in air and water. Air-water exchange was mainly characterized by net volatilization for all measured OCPs. The net gaseous exchange flux ranged 10-240 ng/(m(2).day) for gamma-HCH, 60-370 ng/(m(2).day) for trans-CHL, 97-410 ng/(m(2).day) for cis-CHL, and similar to 0 (e.g., equilibrium) to 490 ng/(m(2).day) for p,p'-DDE. We found that the plume of the large contaminated river can serve as a significant regional secondary atmospheric source of legacy contaminants released in the catchment. In particular, the sediment plume represented the relevant source of DDT compounds (especially p,p'-DDE) sustaining net degassing when clean air masses from the open ocean reached the plume area. In contrast, a mass balance showed that, for HCHs, contaminated river discharge (water and sediment) plumes were capable of sustaining volatilization throughout the year. These results demonstrate the inconsistencies in the fate of HCHs and DDTs in this large estuarine system with declining primary sources.
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