Chromatin organization and cytological features of carnivorous Genlisea species with large genome size differences

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Authors	TRAN Trung D. CAO Hieu X. JOVTCHEV Gabriele NOVÁK Petr VU Giang T. H. MACAS Jiří SCHUBERT Ingo FUCHS Joerg
Year of publication	2015
Type	Article in Periodical
Magazine / Source	Frontiers in Plant Science
MU Faculty or unit	Central European Institute of Technology
Citation
Web	http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2015.00613/full
Doi	http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00613
Field	Morphological specializations and cytology
Keywords	Genlisea; chromosome number; epigenetic marks; FISH; rDNA; repetitive DNA sequences; single dcopy probes; karyotyping
Attached files	1318477_Chromatin_organization.pdf
Description	The monophyletic carnivorous genus Genlisea (Lentibulariaceae) is characterized by a bi-directional genome size evolution resulting in a 25-fold difference in nuclear DNA content. This is one of the largest ranges found within a genus so far and makes Gentlisea an interesting subject to study mechanisms of genome and karyotype evolution. Gentlisea nigrocaulis, with 86 Mbp one of the smallest plant genomes, and the 18-fold larger genome of G. hispidula (1,550 Mbp) possess identical chromosome numbers (2n = 40) but differ considerably in chromatin organization, nuclear and cell size. lnterphase nuclei of G. nigrocaulis and of related species with small genomes, G. aurea (133 Mbp, 2n 104) and G. pygmaea (179 Mbp, 2n = 80), are hallmarked by intensely DAPI -stained chromocenters, carrying typical heterochromatin-associated methylation marks (5-methylcytosine, H3K9me2), while in G. hispidula and surprisingly also in the small genome of G. margaretae (184 Mbp, 2n = 38) the heterochromatin marks are more evenly distributed. Probes of tandem repetitive sequences together with rDNA allow the unequivocal discrimination of 13 out of 20 chromosome pairs of G. hispidula. One of the repetitive sequences labeled half of the chromosome set almost homogenously supporting an allopolyploid status of G. hispidula and its close relative G. subglabra (1,622 Mbp, 2n = 40). In G. nigrocaulis 11 chromosome pairs could be individualized using a combination of rDNA and unique genomic probes. The presented data provide a basis for future studies of karyotype evolution within the genus Genlisea.
Related projects:	Evoluce a funkce komplexních genomů rostlin EVOGEN - Rozvoj výzkumné excelence v oblasti evoluční cytogenomiky, epigenetiky a buněčné signalizace