VÝŽIVA A FYZICKÁ AKTIVITA PŘI VYSOKÉM KREVNÍM TLAKU
| Title in English | High blood pressure – nutrition and physical activity |
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| Authors | |
| Year of publication | 2013 |
| Type | Chapter of a book |
| MU Faculty or unit | |
| Citation | |
| Description | Nutrition of hypertonic patients is determined by actual condition of the patient, associated diseases and with regards to the medication. Basic principles of correct nutrition of hypertonic patients are: Eat regularly and never overeat. Consume varied diet with at least 400g of vegetable and 100g of fruit a day. Drink non-alcoholic and non-energetic drinks in amount of 2 to 3 litres during the whole day and not just occasionally. Avoid higher intake of natrium in the diet, that means exclude salt and salted food, spice mixes, dressings and flavourings with salt, salty cheeses, pickled meat, spiced saussages, caviar, salted bread, instant products with higher salt content and mineral water with high sodium content. The adequate dose of salt per day is 5 – 6g. Even a moderate degree of physical activity has a positive health effects. Sport has a similar effect on the patient as medicaments: water and salt are excreted by sweating and thus the amount of blood reduces. Less blood in the vessels leads to lower blood pressure. Loss of salt affects the elasticity of blood vessels. Long-term training reduces sympathetic activity, so the vessels slightly dilate causing further lowering of blood pressure. Sport leads to a reduction in body weight, which also lowers blood pressure. The appropriateness of a sport for hypertensive depends on the type of load, force rate, load intensity, load range and emotional involvement (over-ambition, anger, frustration, aggression). The positive effects always occur in low and moderate intensity and volume, which is adapted to the performance of the hypertensive. The intensity of the load must exceed a minimum threshold of efficiency (50-60% VO 2 max), but not to exceed the maximum safe upper limit, which increases with the training. It should never exceed 80% VO 2 max. The duration of aerobic exercise should be 30-45 minutes, the frequency should be 3-4 exercises per week (preferably every other day). |
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